**Use Muzzling_Wide_JOP_23.dta

set more off

***In the survey, 60% agreed that "There is too much hate speech in the media."
***This figure was highest in Uganda (66%) and Côte d’Ivoire (63%) and slightly lower in Kenya (58%) and Nigeria (55%).

tab V11 if V11~=8
tab V11 if V11~=8 & COU==1
tab V11 if V11~=8 & COU==2
tab V11 if V11~=8 & COU==3
tab V11 if V11~=8 & COU==4

disp 34.53+25.92
disp 49.75+13.11
disp 30.44+27.74
disp 27.46+27.91
disp 31.44+34.61

***61% in our survey agreed that "Media in this country spread too many lies."
***65% agreed in Cote d'Ivoire and Uganda, 64% in Nigeria, and 50% in Kenya.

tab V9 if V9 ~=8
tab V9 if V9 ~=8 & COU==1
tab V9 if V9 ~=8 & COU==2
tab V9 if V9 ~=8 & COU==3
tab V9 if V9 ~=8 & COU==4

disp 36.71+24.37
disp 52.17+13.21
disp 28.31+21.56
disp 32.44+31.41
disp 34.58+30.42

***61% of participants agreed that "media in this country are often biased in favor of one political party or another."
***67% agreed in Cote d'Ivoire, 64% in Nigeria, 59% in Uganda, and 52% in Kenya

tab V10 if V10 ~=8
tab V10 if V10 ~=8 & COU==1
tab V10 if V10 ~=8 & COU==2
tab V10 if V10 ~=8 & COU==3
tab V10 if V10 ~=8 & COU==4

disp 33.45+27.13
disp 50.88+15.93
disp 26.56+25.74
disp 30.99+33.28
disp 25.92+32.75

***A majority (58%) of subjects agreed that "there is too much foreign influence over media in this country."
***64% agreed in Cote d'Ivoire, followed by Kenya and Uganda (59% each), and Nigeria (49%).

tab V12 if V12 ~=8
tab V12 if V12 ~=8 & COU==1
tab V12 if V12 ~=8 & COU==2
tab V12 if V12 ~=8 & COU==3
tab V12 if V12 ~=8 & COU==4

disp 33.02+24.53
disp 49.5+14.44
disp 33.5+25.72
disp 25.76+23.17
disp 24.27+34.95

****In fact, 23% reported high trust in both the president and opposition (30% only trusted the president, 8% the opposition, and 34% neither)

gen high_trustpres = V23
gen high_trustopp = V24
recode high_trustpres high_trustopp (0/1=0) (2/3=1) (8=.)

tab high_trustpres high_trustopp, row

disp 1094/4831
disp 1467/4831
disp 398/4831
disp 1623/4831

****Interviews were conducted between 7 November and 30 December 2021

tab V2

****...with a total N of 4975 (1200 in Cote d'Ivoire, 1222 in Kenya, 1353 in Nigeria, and 1200 in Uganda)

tab COU

***The sample was 53% male and 47% female

gen female = V7
tab female

***As pre-specified, I re-ran the pooled model separately for those who trusted the president (n=2660) and the opposition (n=1507) at least somewhat

tab V23
disp 1030+1630

tab V24
disp 965+542

***Prep DVs

gen punish1 = Pref1
recode punish1 (1=0) (2=1) (3=2) (4=3) (5=4) (98/99=.)

gen punish2 = Pref2
recode punish2 (1=0) (2=1) (3=2) (4=3) (5=4) (98/99=.)

gen punish3 = Pref3
recode punish3 (1=0) (2=1) (3=2) (4=3) (5=4) (98/99=.)

gen punish4 = Pref4
recode punish4 (1=0) (2=1) (3=2) (4=3) (5=4) (98/99=.)

**Fewer than 1% (n=23) of our subjects were absolutists, in the sense that they never supported any restrictions.

gen never_punish =0
replace never_punish =1 if punish1==0 & punish2==0 & punish3==0 & punish4==0
replace never_punish =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

tab never_punish

**On the other hand, 88% (n=4338) supported some government move in all four the hypothetical cases. 

gen always_punish =0
replace always_punish =1 if punish1>0 & punish2>0 & punish3>0 & punish4>0
replace always_punish =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

tab always_punish

**81% of subjects supported a written warning at some point, 45% a fine, 41% a temporary shutdown, and only 32% a permanent shutdown. 

gen ever_warning =0
replace ever_warning =1 if punish1==1|punish2==1|punish3==1|punish4==1
replace ever_warning =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

gen ever_fine =0
replace ever_fine =1 if punish1==2|punish2==2|punish3==2|punish4==2
replace ever_fine =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

gen ever_tempshut =0
replace ever_tempshut =1 if punish1==3|punish2==3|punish3==3|punish4==3
replace ever_tempshut =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

gen ever_permshut =0
replace ever_permshut =1 if punish1==4|punish2==4|punish3==4|punish4==4
replace ever_permshut =. if punish1==. & punish2==. & punish3==. & punish4==.

tab ever_warning
tab ever_fine
tab ever_tempshut
tab ever_permshut

**The share of always-punishers is nearly identical (88%) if we only focus on subjects who were never assigned a vignette with that level (n=2466), while 84% supported a warning at some point, 47% a fine, and 40% a temporary shutdown. The share who supported a permanent shutdown was slightly lower (23%). 

tab always_punish if AttC1~=4 & AttC2~=4 & AttC3~=4 & AttC4~=4
tab ever_warning if AttC1~=4 & AttC2~=4 & AttC3~=4 & AttC4~=4
tab ever_fine if AttC1~=4 & AttC2~=4 & AttC3~=4 & AttC4~=4
tab ever_tempshut if AttC1~=4 & AttC2~=4 & AttC3~=4 & AttC4~=4
tab ever_permshut if AttC1~=4 & AttC2~=4 & AttC3~=4 & AttC4~=4

***************************
***Appendix D
***************************

gen poverty = V8
recode poverty (8/9=.)

gen educ = V25
recode educ (98/99=.)

gen age = V6

gen ethnic_nonpres = V26
recode ethnic_nonpres (1=1) (2=0) (3/6=1) (7=0) (8/36=1) (37=0) (38/42=1) (43=0) (44/47=1) (48=0) (49/997=1) (998=.)

gen trustpres = V23
recode trustpres (8/9=.)

gen trustopp = V24
recode trustopp (8/9=.)

summarize female poverty trustpres trustopp educ ethnic_nonpres age
sort COU
by COU: summarize female poverty trustpres trustopp educ ethnic_nonpres age